Formulation of an eco-binder based on calcined sediment, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and waste paper fly ash

Abstract

The formulation of an eco-binder based on alternative materials only makes sense if its technical and environmental relevance has been evaluated. This study focuses on the effect of replacing up to 40% of Portland cement with calcined sediment, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and waste paper fly ash. The numerical analysis to choose the formulation was carried out by using commercial software (Design Expert) dedicated to experimental modeling designs. Water demand, setting time, volume expansion, compressive strengths, and heat of hydration (Langavant calorimetry) were performed to evaluate the effect of replacing cement with alternative materials on matrix properties. The results obtained reveal that the proposed mixes meet the specifications of many types of hydraulic binders. From an environmental point of view, the leaching test carried out on the formulations shows the stabilization of inorganic pollutants present in the alternative materials. In conclusion, this approach contributes to reducing the environmental impact of the cement industry by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.